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Allergen Components (Occurrence)
There are many types such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, stasis dermatitis, dyshidrotic dermatitis, and nummular dermatitis. Although symptoms are similar, each type has characteristic features. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis are considered common in the general population, and contact dermatitis is associated with occupational skin disease.
1. Nickel sulfate
| Concentration: | 0.20 mg/cm2 |
| Allergen component per patch: | Nickel, 0.036 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Cobalt, chromium, disulfiram |
| Occurrence: | Jewelry, metal, and metal-plated objects; occasionally in eye cosmetics |
2. Wool alcohols (lanolin)
| Concentration: | 1.00 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Cholesterol, lanosterol, agnosterol (and dihydro derivatives); straight- and branched-chain aliphatic alcohols; 0.81 mg total (the active allergenic component has not been identified) |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Lanolin, anhydrous lanolin, wool fat, wool wax, wool grease, ClearlinTM, GlossylanTM, Golden Dawn®, HycholTM, NodorianTM, SparklelanTM, adeps lanae anhydrous, aloholes lanae Also modified lanolins, such as lanolin aid, lanolin alcohol, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, Amerchol L-101®, and Amerchol® CAB |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Eucerin®, Aquaphor® |
| Occurrence: | Cosmetics, soaps, and topical medications |
3. Neomycin sulphate
| Concentration: | 0.023 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Neomycin sulfate, USP, 0.19 mg |
| Vehicle: | Methylcellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Gentamicin sulfate, bacitracin, kanamycin, streptomycin sulfate injection, spectinomycin HCl, tobramycin sulfate |
| Occurrence: | Topical antibiotics |
4. Potassium dichromate
| Concentration: | 0.023 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Chromium, 0.0067 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Chromium, chrome, chromate, chromite |
| Occurrence: | Cement, chrome-tanned leather, welding fumes, cutting oils, antirust paints, other industrial chemicals |
5. Caine mix
| Concentration: | 0.63 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Benzocaine, USP, 0.364 mg; tetracaine HCl, USP, 0.063 mg; dibucaine HCl, USP, 0.064 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Benzocaine: ethyl aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic, acid (PABA) ethyl ester, Aethoform™, Americaine®, Anesthesin™, Anesthane™, Orthesin™, Parathesin™, Anesthone™ Tetracaine HCl: tetracaine, Pontocaine® Dibucaine HCl: dibucaine, Nupercaine™ |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Benzoic acid derivatives: PABA esters: procaine, benoxinate HCl, butamben picrate, butacaine, butethamine HCl, naepaine, orthocaine, propoxycaine, risocaine, chloroprocaine HCl m-Aminobenzoic acid esters: metabutethamine, proparacaine Benzoic acid esters: cocaine HCl, amylocaine, benzamine, cyclomethycaine, meprylcaine HCl, metabutozycaine, piperocaine HCl, hexylcaine HCl, proparacaine HCl Other agents: Procainamide, hydrochlorothiazide, PABA and PABA ester sunscreens, Azo® and aniline dyes, p-phenylenediamine, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, p-aminosalicylic acid |
| Occurrence: | Topical anesthetics |
6. Fragrance mix
| Concentration: | 0.43 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Benzocaine, USP, 0.364 mg; tetracaine HCl, USP, 0.063 mg; dibucaine HCl, USP, 0.064 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Benzocaine: ethyl aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic, acid (PABA) ethyl ester, Aethoform™, Americaine®, Anesthesin™, Anesthane™, Orthesin™, Parathesin™, Anesthone™ Tetracaine HCl: tetracaine, Pontocaine® Dibucaine HCl: dibucaine, Nupercaine™ |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Benzoic acid derivatives: PABA esters: procaine, benoxinate HCl, butamben picrate, butacaine, butethamine HCl, naepaine, orthocaine, propoxycaine, risocaine, chloroprocaine HCl m-Aminobenzoic acid esters: metabutethamine, proparacaine Benzoic acid esters: cocaine HCl, amylocaine, benzamine, cyclomethycaine, meprylcaine HCl, metabutozycaine, piperocaine HCl, hexylcaine HCl, proparacaine HCl Other agents: Procainamide, hydrochlorothiazide, PABA and PABA ester sunscreens, Azo® and aniline dyes, p-phenylenediamine, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, p-aminosalicylic acid |
| Occurrence: | Topical anesthetics |
7. Colophony
| Concentration: | 0.85 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Colophony, 0.69 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Rosin, resina terebinthinae, gum rosin, rosin gum, W-W wood rosin, tall oil, abietic acid, methyl abietate alcohol, abietic alcohol, abietyl alcohol, Dertomal™ 18, Abitol™, Hercolyn™ D, Foral® 105, Staybelite® 10, Granolite™ SG, Dercolyte™ ZS, Dertophene™ 18 |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Wood tars, other coniferous trees, other plant materials including Chrysanthemum, some spices, fragrances, oils |
| Occurrence: | Cosmetics, adhesives, a variety of household and industrial products |
8. Epoxy resin
| Concentration: | 0.050 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Diglycidylether of bisphenol A, 0.032 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] (diphenylpropane), epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) (8-chloropropylene oxide) |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | The hardening agent of a two-part adhesive, specifically components such as ethylenediamine |
| Occurrence: | Two-part adhesives, surface coatings, paints |
9. Quinoline mix
| Concentration: | 0.190 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Clioquinol: 0.077 mg, Clorquinaldol: 0.077 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline 5,7-dichloro-8-2-methylquinoline |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Vioform, chlorquinaldol quinoform, entroquinol, sterosan, quinaband, iodinechloridequinoline. Enterovioform (R) |
| Occurrence: | Paste bandages, medicated creams and oinments |
10. Balsam of Peru
| Concentration: | 0.80 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Balsam of Peru, 0.65 mg total |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Synonyms: balsamum peruvianim, Peruvian balsam, Indian balsam, China oil, black balsam, Honduras balsam, Surinam balsam Components or chemically related allergens: Cinnamic acid, benzyl salicylate, vanillin, benzoic alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate and other benzoates, benzoic acid, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamyl cinnamate, methylcinnamate, eugenol, isoeugenol, coniferyl alcohols, resinous substances. |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Cinnamein (essential oil), oil of cinnamon, tincture of krameria, balsam of Copaiba, storax (styrax), essence of orange peel, spices (e.g., Jamaican pepper, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, paprika, curry, vanilla), Tiger Balm® (oriental), benzoin tincture (gum benzoin), wood tars, colophony, balsam of Tolu, turpentine, beeswax, coumarin, diethylstilbestrol, propolis |
| Occurrence: | Foods, cosmetics, fragrances, flavorings, topical medications |
11. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride
| Concentration: | 0.050 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Ethylenediamine, 0.018 mg |
| Vehicle: | Methylcellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | 1,2-Ethanediamine, 1,2-diaminoethane, chlorethamine |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Aminophylline, hydroxyzine, piperazine-based antihistamines (meclizine, buclizine, chlorcyclizine, cyclizine), tripelennamine, promethazine HCl, epoxy resin catalysts (ethylenediamine and chemically related amines such as diethylenediamine, dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenetetramine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine) |
| Occurrence: | Topical medications, eyedrops, industrial solvents, anticorrosive agents |
12. Cobalt dichloride
| Concentration: | 0.020 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Cobalt, 0.0040 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Cobalt blue, cobaltous (modifying any word) |
| Alloys containing cobalt: | Stellite®, Vitallium®, Alnico™, Durlium™, Mobilium™, Permalloy™, Ticonium®, Wolfram™ carbide |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Nickel, chromate |
| Occurrence: | Metal-plated objects, paints, cement, vitamin B12 |
13. p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin
| Concentration: | 0.050 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | p-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde, 0.041 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Paratertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin, PTBP formaldehyde, butylphen, 4(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Degaplast™ glue, neoprene adhesives |
| Occurrence: | Waterproof glues, bonded leather, construction materials, paper, fabrics |
14. Paraben mix
| Concentration: | 1.00 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg; ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg; propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg; butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg; benzyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg; |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, p-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Nipagin®, Perservaben™, Protaben™, Aseptoform™, Lexgard®, Parasept®, Liqua Par®, Germaben™ II (mixture), Nipastat® (mixture), Phenonip® (mixture), undebenzofene-C (mixture) |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) esters, p-phenylenediamine (rarely) |
| Occurrence: | Preservative in topical formulations, cosmetics, foods, industrial preparations |
15. Carba mix
| Concentration: | 0.25 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Diphenylguanidine, 0.067 mg; zincdibutyldithiocarbamate, 0.067 mg; zincdiethyldithiocarbamate, 0.067 mg; |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Carbamate, carbanilate, 1,3-diphenylguanidine/(DPG™, Nocceler™ D, Sanceler™ D, Soxinol® D), zincdibutyldithiocarbamate (ZBC, butazin, butyl zimate, Nocceler™ BZ, Soxinol® BZ, Butazate®, Butasan®), zincdiethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC™, ZDEC™, Etazin™, Ethasan™, ethyl zimate, Nocceler™ EZ, Soxinol® EZ, Ethazate®) |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Thiuram mix, mercapto mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, disulfiram (Antabuse®). |
| Occurrence: | Rubber products, glues for leather, pesticides, vinyl, soaps, shampoos, disinfectants |
16. Black rubber mix
| Concentration: | 0.075 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl paraphenylenediamine, 0.0102 mg; N-cyclohexyl-N’-phenyl paraphenylenediamine, 0.0255 mg; N,N’-diphenyl paraphenylene-diamine, 0.0255 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | N-Phenyl-N’-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD): phenylcyclohexyl PPD, Flexzone™ GH N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD): isopropyl 0 PPD, Akrochem® Antioxidant PD1, ANTO’H’™, Flexzone™ 3-C, Permanex™ IPPD, Santoflex® IP N,N’-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD): Diphenyl® PPD |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Hair dye chemicals: p-aminodiphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine |
| Occurrence: | All black rubber products, some hair dyes |
17. Cl+ Me- Isothiazolinone
| Concentration: | 0.0040 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 0.0024 mg; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 0.0008 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), Kathon® |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Other isothiazolinones |
| Occurrence: | Cosmetics and skin care products, topical medications, household cleaning products; as Kathon® in industrial products |
18. Quaternium-15
| Concentration: | 0.100 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Quaternium-15, 0.081 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | N-(3-chloroallyl)-Hexaminium chloride, cis-1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonium-adamantane chloride, 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonium-adamantane chloride, Preventol® D 1, methanamine-3-chloroallylochloride, chloroallyl methanamine chloride, Dowicil® 75 (or 100 or 200), azonium-adamantane chloride |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives found in cosmetics and topical agents: Germall® 115 (imidazolidinyl urea), Germall® II (diazolidinyl urea), Glydant® [DMDM (dimethylolmethyl) hydantoin], Bronopol™ (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), Tris Nitro® [tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane] Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives found in industrial and metal-working fluids: Dowicil® 75, Tris Nitro®, Grotan™ HD2, Grotan™ BK, Triadine®-10, Onyxide™ 200, Vancide™ TH, Myacide™ BT |
| Occurrence: | eservative in cosmetics and skin care products, household polishes and cleaners, industrial products |
19. Mercaptobenzothiazole
| Concentration: | 0.075 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.061 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | MBT, 2-benzathiazalethiol, Captax®, Dermacid™, Mertax™, Thiotax®, Nocceler™ M, Rotax® |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | Mercapto mix, thiuram mix, carba mix |
| Occurrence: | Rubber products, adhesives, industrial products, veterinary tick/flea sprays and powders, film emulsion |
20. p-Phenylenediamine
| Concentration: | 0.090 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | p-Phenylenediamine, 0.073 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Paraphenylenediamine (PPD or PPDA), 1,4-benzenediamine, 1,4-phenylenediamine, Rodol™ D, p-aminoaniline, Orsin™, p-diaminobenzene, Ursol™ D |
| Other substances to which the patient my react: | PABA-based sunscreens or creams, other dye chemicals, Azo® or disperse textile dyes, p-aminosalicylic acid, black rubber products, diaminodiphenylmethane (epoxy hardener), p-toluenediamine, p-aminodiphenylamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, o-animophenol Occasionally, ‘sulfa’ drugs (sulfonamides), ‘caine’ drugs such as benzocaine |
| Occurrence: | Permanent (coal tar) or semipermanent hair dyes, dyed textiles, cosmetics, printing ink, photodeveloper |
21. Formaldehyde
| Concentration: | 0.18 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Formaldehyde, 0.15 |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Oxymethylene, methanal, formalin |
| Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives: | Preservatives found in cosmetics and topical agents: Quaternium-15, Germall® 115 (imidazolidinyl urea), Germall II® (diazolidinyl urea), Glydant® [DMDM(dimethylolmethyl) hydantoin], Bronopol™ (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), Tris Nitro® [tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane] Preservatives found in industrial and metal-working fluids: Dowicil® 75, Tris Nitro®, Grotan™ HD2, Grotan™ BK, Triadine®-10, Onyxide™ 200, Vancide™ TH, Myacide™ BT. |
| Occurrence: | Permanent (coal tar) or semipermanent hair dyes, dyed textiles, cosmetics, printing ink, photodeveloper |
22. Mercapto mix
| Concentration: | 0.075 mg/cm2 |
| Allergen component per patch: | N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl-sulfenamide, 0.0203 mg; dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 0.0203 mg; morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole, 0.0203 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-sulfenamide (CBTS, CBS): cyclohexylbenzothiazyl-sulphenamide, Durax®, Santocure® Dibenzothiazyl disulfide: 2,2′-benzothiazyl disulfide, Altax®, Thiofide®, Naugex® MBT, Vulkacit® DM Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole (MOR, MMBT): 4-morpholinyl-2-benzothiazyl disulfide |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix, thiuram mix |
| Occurrence: | Rubber products, glues for leather and plastics, industrial products |
23. Thiomersal
| Concentration: | 0.0080 mg/cm² |
| Allergen component per patch: | Thiomersal, 0.0065 mg |
| Vehicle: | Hydroxypropyl cellulose |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Merthiolate®, Mercurochrome®, sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, mercurothiolate, merzonin, mertorgan, merfamin, ethyl (2-mercaptobenzoato-S) mercury (sodium salt), thiomersalate, thiomersal, thiomersalan, [(o-carboxyphenyl)thio] ethylmercury (sodium salt) |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Other organic (not metallic) mercury compounds, piroxicam (Feldene®) |
| Occurrence: | Preservative in contact lens solutions, cosmetics, nose and ear preparations, injectable drugs |
24. Thiuram mix
| Concentration: | 0.025 mg/cm2 |
| Allergen component per patch: | Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.0051 mg; tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 0.0051 mg; disulfiram, USP, 0.0051 mg; dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide, 0.0051 mg |
| Vehicle: | Polyvidone |
| Synonyms and/or components: | Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD): Thiram™, thiurad, Thiosan™, Thylate®, Thiuramyl™, Tiuramyl™, Puralin™, Fernasan™, Nomersan™, Rezifilm®, Pomarsal™, Tersan®, Tuads®, Tulisan™, Arasan® Disulfiram: Antabuse®, bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), Cronetal™, Abstenisil™, Stopetyl™, Contralin™, Robac™ TET, Antadix™, Antiethanol™, ethyl thiurad, Etabus™, Rosulfiram™, Abstinyl™, Thiuranide™, Tetradine™, Noxal™ Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide (PTD): Robac™ PTD |
| Other substances to which the patient may react: | Mercapto mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix |
| Occurrence: | Rubber products, adhesives, pesticides, gloves, drugs |
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