Allergen Components (Occurrence)

There are many types such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, stasis dermatitis, dyshidrotic dermatitis, and nummular dermatitis. Although symptoms are similar, each type has characteristic features. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis are considered common in the general population, and contact dermatitis is associated with occupational skin disease.

1. Nickel sulfate

Concentration:0.20 mg/cm2
Allergen component per patch:Nickel, 0.036 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Other substances to which the patient may react:Cobalt, chromium, disulfiram
Occurrence:Jewelry, metal, and metal-plated objects; occasionally in eye cosmetics

2. Wool alcohols (lanolin)

Concentration:1.00 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Cholesterol, lanosterol, agnosterol (and dihydro derivatives); straight- and branched-chain aliphatic alcohols; 0.81 mg total (the active allergenic component has not been identified)
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:Lanolin, anhydrous lanolin, wool fat, wool wax, wool grease, ClearlinTM, GlossylanTM, Golden Dawn®, HycholTM, NodorianTM, SparklelanTM, adeps lanae anhydrous, aloholes lanae Also modified lanolins, such as lanolin aid, lanolin alcohol, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, Amerchol L-101®, and Amerchol® CAB
Other substances to which the patient may react:Eucerin®, Aquaphor®
Occurrence:Cosmetics, soaps, and topical medications

3. Neomycin sulphate

Concentration:0.023 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Neomycin sulfate, USP, 0.19 mg
Vehicle:Methylcellulose
Synonyms and/or components:Gentamicin sulfate, bacitracin, kanamycin, streptomycin sulfate injection, spectinomycin HCl, tobramycin sulfate
Occurrence:Topical antibiotics

4. Potassium dichromate

Concentration:0.023 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Chromium, 0.0067 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:Chromium, chrome, chromate, chromite
Occurrence:Cement, chrome-tanned leather, welding fumes, cutting oils, antirust paints, other industrial chemicals

5. Caine mix

Concentration:0.63 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:
Benzocaine, USP, 0.364 mg; tetracaine HCl, USP, 0.063 mg; dibucaine HCl, USP, 0.064 mg
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Benzocaine: ethyl aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic, acid (PABA) ethyl ester, Aethoform™, Americaine®, Anesthesin™, Anesthane™, Orthesin™, Parathesin™, Anesthone™
Tetracaine HCl: tetracaine, Pontocaine®
Dibucaine HCl: dibucaine, Nupercaine™
Other substances to which the patient may react:
Benzoic acid derivatives: PABA esters: procaine, benoxinate HCl, butamben picrate, butacaine, butethamine HCl, naepaine, orthocaine, propoxycaine, risocaine, chloroprocaine HCl
m-Aminobenzoic acid esters: metabutethamine, proparacaine
Benzoic acid esters: cocaine HCl, amylocaine, benzamine, cyclomethycaine, meprylcaine HCl, metabutozycaine, piperocaine HCl, hexylcaine HCl, proparacaine HCl
Other agents: Procainamide, hydrochlorothiazide, PABA and PABA ester sunscreens, Azo® and aniline dyes, p-phenylenediamine, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, p-aminosalicylic acid
Occurrence:Topical anesthetics

6. Fragrance mix

Concentration:0.43 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:
Benzocaine, USP, 0.364 mg; tetracaine HCl, USP, 0.063 mg; dibucaine HCl, USP, 0.064 mg
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Benzocaine: ethyl aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic, acid (PABA) ethyl ester, Aethoform™, Americaine®, Anesthesin™, Anesthane™, Orthesin™, Parathesin™, Anesthone™
Tetracaine HCl: tetracaine, Pontocaine®
Dibucaine HCl: dibucaine, Nupercaine™
Other substances to which the patient may react:
Benzoic acid derivatives: PABA esters: procaine, benoxinate HCl, butamben picrate, butacaine, butethamine HCl, naepaine, orthocaine, propoxycaine, risocaine, chloroprocaine HCl
m-Aminobenzoic acid esters: metabutethamine, proparacaine
Benzoic acid esters: cocaine HCl, amylocaine, benzamine, cyclomethycaine, meprylcaine HCl, metabutozycaine, piperocaine HCl, hexylcaine HCl, proparacaine HCl
Other agents: Procainamide, hydrochlorothiazide, PABA and PABA ester sunscreens, Azo® and aniline dyes, p-phenylenediamine, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, p-aminosalicylic acid
Occurrence:Topical anesthetics

7. Colophony

Concentration:0.85 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Colophony, 0.69 mg
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:Rosin, resina terebinthinae, gum rosin, rosin gum, W-W wood rosin, tall oil, abietic acid, methyl abietate alcohol, abietic alcohol, abietyl alcohol, Dertomal™ 18, Abitol™, Hercolyn™ D, Foral® 105, Staybelite® 10, Granolite™ SG, Dercolyte™ ZS, Dertophene™ 18
Other substances to which the patient may react:Wood tars, other coniferous trees, other plant materials including Chrysanthemum, some spices, fragrances, oils
Occurrence:
Cosmetics, adhesives, a variety of household and industrial products

8. Epoxy resin

Concentration:0.050 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Diglycidylether of bisphenol A, 0.032 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] (diphenylpropane), epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) (8-chloropropylene oxide)
Other substances to which the patient may react:The hardening agent of a two-part adhesive, specifically components such as ethylenediamine
Occurrence:Two-part adhesives, surface coatings, paints

9. Quinoline mix

Concentration:0.190 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Clioquinol: 0.077 mg, Clorquinaldol: 0.077 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline
5,7-dichloro-8-2-methylquinoline
Other substances to which the patient may react:Vioform, chlorquinaldol quinoform, entroquinol, sterosan, quinaband, iodinechloridequinoline. Enterovioform (R)
Occurrence:Paste bandages, medicated creams and oinments

10. Balsam of Peru

Concentration:0.80 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Balsam of Peru, 0.65 mg total
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Synonyms: balsamum peruvianim, Peruvian balsam, Indian balsam, China oil, black balsam, Honduras balsam, Surinam balsam
 
Components or chemically related allergens: Cinnamic acid, benzyl salicylate, vanillin, benzoic alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate and other benzoates, benzoic acid, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamyl cinnamate, methylcinnamate, eugenol, isoeugenol, coniferyl alcohols, resinous substances.
Other substances to which the patient may react:Cinnamein (essential oil), oil of cinnamon, tincture of krameria, balsam of Copaiba, storax (styrax), essence of orange peel, spices (e.g., Jamaican pepper, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, paprika, curry, vanilla), Tiger Balm® (oriental), benzoin tincture (gum benzoin), wood tars, colophony, balsam of Tolu, turpentine, beeswax, coumarin, diethylstilbestrol, propolis
Occurrence:Foods, cosmetics, fragrances, flavorings, topical medications

11. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride

Concentration:0.050 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Ethylenediamine, 0.018 mg
Vehicle:Methylcellulose
Synonyms and/or components:1,2-Ethanediamine, 1,2-diaminoethane, chlorethamine
Other substances to which the patient may react:
Aminophylline, hydroxyzine, piperazine-based antihistamines (meclizine, buclizine, chlorcyclizine, cyclizine), tripelennamine, promethazine HCl, epoxy resin catalysts (ethylenediamine and chemically related amines such as diethylenediamine, dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenetetramine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine)
Occurrence:Topical medications, eyedrops, industrial solvents, anticorrosive agents

12. Cobalt dichloride

Concentration:0.020 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Cobalt, 0.0040 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:
Cobalt blue, cobaltous (modifying any word)
Alloys containing cobalt:Stellite®, Vitallium®, Alnico™, Durlium™, Mobilium™, Permalloy™, Ticonium®, Wolfram™ carbide
Other substances to which the patient my react:Nickel, chromate
Occurrence:Metal-plated objects, paints, cement, vitamin B12

13. p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin

Concentration:0.050 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:
p-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde, 0.041 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:Paratertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin, PTBP formaldehyde, butylphen, 4(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol
Other substances to which the patient my react:Degaplast™ glue, neoprene adhesives
Occurrence:
Waterproof glues, bonded leather, construction materials, paper, fabrics

14. Paraben mix

Concentration:1.00 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg;
ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg;
propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg;
butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg;
benzyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.162 mg;
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, p-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Nipagin®, Perservaben™, Protaben™, Aseptoform™, Lexgard®, Parasept®, Liqua Par®, Germaben™ II (mixture), Nipastat® (mixture), Phenonip® (mixture), undebenzofene-C (mixture)
Other substances to which the patient my react:
p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) esters, p-phenylenediamine (rarely)
Occurrence:
Preservative in topical formulations, cosmetics, foods, industrial preparations

15. Carba mix

Concentration:
0.25 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Diphenylguanidine, 0.067 mg;
zincdibutyldithiocarbamate, 0.067 mg;
zincdiethyldithiocarbamate, 0.067 mg;
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:Carbamate, carbanilate, 1,3-diphenylguanidine/(DPG™, Nocceler™ D, Sanceler™ D, Soxinol® D), zincdibutyldithiocarbamate (ZBC, butazin, butyl zimate, Nocceler™ BZ, Soxinol® BZ, Butazate®, Butasan®), zincdiethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC™, ZDEC™, Etazin™, Ethasan™, ethyl zimate, Nocceler™ EZ, Soxinol® EZ, Ethazate®)
Other substances to which the patient my react:
Thiuram mix, mercapto mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, disulfiram (Antabuse®).
Occurrence:Rubber products, glues for leather, pesticides, vinyl, soaps, shampoos, disinfectants

16. Black rubber mix

Concentration:0.075 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl paraphenylenediamine, 0.0102 mg; N-cyclohexyl-N’-phenyl paraphenylenediamine, 0.0255 mg; N,N’-diphenyl paraphenylene-diamine, 0.0255 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
N-Phenyl-N’-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD): phenylcyclohexyl PPD, Flexzone™ GH
 
N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD): isopropyl 0 PPD, Akrochem® Antioxidant PD1, ANTO’H’™, Flexzone™ 3-C, Permanex™ IPPD, Santoflex® IP
 
N,N’-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD): Diphenyl® PPD
Other substances to which the patient my react:Hair dye chemicals: p-aminodiphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine
Occurrence:All black rubber products, some hair dyes

17. Cl+ Me- Isothiazolinone

Concentration:
0.0040 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 0.0024 mg; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 0.0008 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), Kathon®
Other substances to which the patient my react:Other isothiazolinones
Occurrence:
Cosmetics and skin care products, topical medications, household cleaning products; as Kathon® in industrial products

18. Quaternium-15

Concentration:0.100 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Quaternium-15, 0.081 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:N-(3-chloroallyl)-Hexaminium chloride, cis-1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonium-adamantane chloride, 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonium-adamantane chloride, Preventol® D 1, methanamine-3-chloroallylochloride, chloroallyl methanamine chloride, Dowicil® 75 (or 100 or 200), azonium-adamantane chloride
Other substances to which the patient my react:
Formaldehyde:
 
Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives found in cosmetics and topical agents: Germall® 115 (imidazolidinyl urea), Germall® II (diazolidinyl urea), Glydant® [DMDM (dimethylolmethyl) hydantoin], Bronopol™ (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), Tris Nitro® [tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane]
 
Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives found in industrial and metal-working fluids: Dowicil® 75, Tris Nitro®, Grotan™ HD2, Grotan™ BK, Triadine®-10, Onyxide™ 200, Vancide™ TH, Myacide™ BT
Occurrence:eservative in cosmetics and skin care products, household polishes and cleaners, industrial products

19. Mercaptobenzothiazole

Concentration:0.075 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:
Mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.061 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:MBT, 2-benzathiazalethiol, Captax®, Dermacid™, Mertax™, Thiotax®, Nocceler™ M, Rotax®
Other substances to which the patient my react:
Mercapto mix, thiuram mix, carba mix
Occurrence:Rubber products, adhesives, industrial products, veterinary tick/flea sprays and powders, film emulsion

20. p-Phenylenediamine

Concentration:0.090 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:p-Phenylenediamine, 0.073 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:Paraphenylenediamine (PPD or PPDA), 1,4-benzenediamine, 1,4-phenylenediamine, Rodol™ D, p-aminoaniline, Orsin™, p-diaminobenzene, Ursol™ D
Other substances to which the patient my react:
PABA-based sunscreens or creams, other dye chemicals, Azo® or disperse textile dyes, p-aminosalicylic acid, black rubber products, diaminodiphenylmethane (epoxy hardener), p-toluenediamine, p-aminodiphenylamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, o-animophenol
Occasionally, ‘sulfa’ drugs (sulfonamides), ‘caine’ drugs such as benzocaine
Occurrence:Permanent (coal tar) or semipermanent hair dyes, dyed textiles, cosmetics, printing ink, photodeveloper

21. Formaldehyde

Concentration:0.18 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Formaldehyde, 0.15
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Oxymethylene, methanal, formalin
Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives:
Preservatives found in cosmetics and topical agents: Quaternium-15, Germall® 115 (imidazolidinyl urea), Germall II® (diazolidinyl urea), Glydant® [DMDM(dimethylolmethyl) hydantoin], Bronopol™ (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), Tris Nitro® [tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane]
 
Preservatives found in industrial and metal-working fluids: Dowicil® 75, Tris Nitro®, Grotan™ HD2, Grotan™ BK, Triadine®-10, Onyxide™ 200, Vancide™ TH, Myacide™ BT.
Occurrence:Permanent (coal tar) or semipermanent hair dyes, dyed textiles, cosmetics, printing ink, photodeveloper

22. Mercapto mix

Concentration:0.075 mg/cm2
Allergen component per patch:N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl-sulfenamide, 0.0203 mg; dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 0.0203 mg; morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole, 0.0203 mg
Vehicle:
Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-sulfenamide (CBTS, CBS): cyclohexylbenzothiazyl-sulphenamide, Durax®, Santocure®
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide: 2,2′-benzothiazyl disulfide, Altax®, Thiofide®, Naugex® MBT, Vulkacit® DM
Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole (MOR, MMBT): 4-morpholinyl-2-benzothiazyl disulfide
Other substances to which the patient may react:Mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix, thiuram mix
Occurrence:
Rubber products, glues for leather and plastics, industrial products

23. Thiomersal

Concentration:0.0080 mg/cm²
Allergen component per patch:Thiomersal, 0.0065 mg
Vehicle:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Synonyms and/or components:Merthiolate®, Mercurochrome®, sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, mercurothiolate, merzonin, mertorgan, merfamin, ethyl (2-mercaptobenzoato-S) mercury (sodium salt), thiomersalate, thiomersal, thiomersalan, [(o-carboxyphenyl)thio] ethylmercury (sodium salt)
Other substances to which the patient may react:Other organic (not metallic) mercury compounds, piroxicam (Feldene®)
Occurrence:Preservative in contact lens solutions, cosmetics, nose and ear preparations, injectable drugs

24. Thiuram mix

Concentration:0.025 mg/cm2
Allergen component per patch:Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.0051 mg; tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 0.0051 mg; disulfiram, USP, 0.0051 mg; dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide, 0.0051 mg
Vehicle:Polyvidone
Synonyms and/or components:
Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM)
 
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD): Thiram™, thiurad, Thiosan™, Thylate®, Thiuramyl™, Tiuramyl™, Puralin™, Fernasan™, Nomersan™, Rezifilm®, Pomarsal™, Tersan®, Tuads®, Tulisan™, Arasan®
 
Disulfiram: Antabuse®, bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), Cronetal™, Abstenisil™, Stopetyl™, Contralin™, Robac™ TET, Antadix™, Antiethanol™, ethyl thiurad, Etabus™, Rosulfiram™, Abstinyl™, Thiuranide™, Tetradine™, Noxal™
 
Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide (PTD): Robac™ PTD
Other substances to which the patient may react:Mercapto mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix
Occurrence:Rubber products, adhesives, pesticides, gloves, drugs
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